Wednesday, October 30, 2019

Choose either 100 best poems for Children or Peter Pan Essay

Choose either 100 best poems for Children or Peter Pan - Essay Example Peter Pan; or the Boy who Wouldn’t Grow Up, when first staged in 1904, was received with almost unanimous enthusiasm. The critics though appreciative were ‘a little cautious and puzzled’ (Watson, 2009, p. 143); and not surprisingly so. Peter Pan was no ordinary children’s tale. With its queer mixture of childlike fantasy and very adult dark humour, even the first, spectacular viewing of the play must have hinted at the layers of subliminal messages it contained. Peter Pan evidently deserved further penetration. The Peter Pan myth, as indeed it grew to become, has been interpreted with various perspectives. The Spectacle used in the play, the psychological character of Peter and Wendy’s relationship, the biographical link to Barrie’s own experiences with the Llewellyn Davies boys – have all been scrutinised and commented upon. But the most prominent observation the play seems to make, and Barrie through it, is on the divide separating ch ildren and grown-ups. What does Peter Pan say about childhood and adulthood? Or to divide it further, on girlhood and boyhood? Does this commentary hold ground a hundred years after its inception? In what ways have its interpretations changed? Children are known (and often rebuked) for asking too many questions: what better way to begin such an exploration than to try and answer these? Barrie’s treatment of adult males in his play might be a good place to begin. Neither of the two significant men characters, Mr. Darling and Captain Hook, is portrayed charitably. Mr. Darling has the trappings of a characteristic patriarchal head, but that is all. He holds no real authority, either at the workplace ‘where he sits on a stool all day, as fixed as a postage stamp’ (Barrie, 2008 [1904], Act I) or at home; as is evident in the scene about the medicine between him and Michael in Act I. Without being too simplistic, one can sum up Mr. Darling as a fussy man, too anxious about social propriety and not

Monday, October 28, 2019

Chinas Managed Float Essay Example for Free

Chinas Managed Float Essay The  RMB  is  unlikely  to  be  floated  freely  in  the  near  term  as  the  countrys  economyfaces  internal  difficulties  during  its  reform  drive  and  external  uncertainties  of  the  globaleconomy,  the  report  quoted  Xia  Bin,  a  member  of  the  monetary  policy  committee  of  thePeoples  Bank  of  China  (PBOC),  or  the  central  bank,  as  saying. To  create  a  relatively  stable  exchange  rate  formation  environment,  the  governmenthas  to  gradually  open  its  capital  market,  so  the  RMB  can  not  go  global  too  soon,China  moved  to  shift  from  a  conventional  dollar  peg  system  to  a  managed  floatingexchange  rate  system  in  2005,  which  means  the  central  bank  now  does  not  link  theyuan  only  to  the  U. S. dollar. Chinas  RMB  go  global  drive  requires  totally  free  exchange  of  the  yuan,  which  meansthe  regulation  of  capital  accounts  should  be  fully  opened,  and  that  exchange  rates  willbe  largely  determined  by  the  demand  and  supply  in  both  domestic  and  global  markets. But  the  country  can  not  handle  this  at  its  current  stage  of  economic  development,  Xiasaid. Xia  suggested  that  the  government  should  well  coordinate  policies  concerning  theexchange  rate,  capital  management  and  reform  while  matching  the  reform  of  itsexchange  rate  policy  with  that  of  capital  management  during  the  RMBs  regionalizationprocess.

Saturday, October 26, 2019

Gay Marriage Essay -- Same-Sex Marriage Essays

Gay Marriage There seem to be Specific time in history where certain issues define the culture tension in a society. They become representative of large worldview and clearly emphasize the battle between divergent moral and spiritual perspectives. Homosexual marriage in the United States is one of these issues. In the past five years, there have been various threats and debates about the possibility of legalizing homosexual union. The issue took centre stage in February largely. The U.S Senate quashes a proposed constitutional amendment to ban gays from marrying. President Bush and other same-sex marriage opponents say they will try again. Most of Americans are against same-sex marriage because how the nation would change if gay were allowed to marry. Gay marriage could affects on American society in many different ways. 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Polygamy. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Federal spending. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Religious speech. 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Children. 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Civil Rights. First, it is more likely to lead to polygamy. For instance, says legalizing same-sex marriage will open the floodgates to polygamy. The more government moves towards sanctioning homosexual relationships, the less right it has to prevent plural marriage. The idea that same-sex marriage could lead to polygamy is â€Å"Not beyond the bounds of reality, although incredibly unlikely,† said Michael Allen who teaches constitutional law at Stetson university college of law in Gulf port. We do not see that is as a realistic view. For instance, it is highly doubtful that solemnizing the union of accepting adults, equal in power in their relationships, would lead to acceptance of polygamous unions, which have, throughout most of history in those societies that have accepted them. â€Å"If one man can marry anther man, you need to ask then, what is it that you doing by prohibiting one man from marrying two women?† â€Å"What’s the evil that you are tying to prevent?† â€Å"If same sex marriage is legalized there is no natural stopping point in redefining what is or is not acceptable.† It would take much longer to legalize polygamy then gay marriage because it is more socially taboo.† That is the reason that polygamists would get away with trying to take credit on same sex marriage (Attorney John Bucher). Second, gay marriage will affect on t... ...arched alongside Martin Luther King Jr, said the proposed Marriage protection Act was a step backward in civil rights. â€Å"Those of us who came through the civil rights movement saw the federal courts as a sympathetic referee. If it had not been for the federal courts, where would we be? If it had not been for the supreme court of 1954, there would still be legalized segregation in America to vote for this legislation would be like members of congress trying to stand in the courthouse door, just like Government. Wallace stood in the schoolhouse door to stop the integration of Alabama schools today it is gay marriage, tomorrow it will be something else†. In conclusion, it seems that the basic problem facing the problem is the limits between a right and privilege. The problem with an issue like marriage is that it is neither a right nor a privilege. In its simplest form a marriage is a union between consenting souls to share assets, responsibility, and form a â€Å"Unit†. We have the right to life, liberty, and a pursuit of happiness, we do not; but it is a system that not only works well but has also been established as our system of laws. So the idea about gay marriage should be banned.

Thursday, October 24, 2019

Referring to relevant scientific literature, discuss critically

Therapists believe that this s the best approach as it directly addresses a child's thoughts and behavior and teaches them to challenge those that are unhelpful (Glared and Glared, 2008). In doing this, it allows children and adolescents to practice techniques for behavioral change in the safety of a therapy environment, which they can then transfer to other fields (Kendall, as cited by Kaplan, Thompson and Coarsen 1995). When undertaking CB with a child or adolescent their developmental stage needs to be taken Into consideration as it may have an influence on the effectiveness of the therapy (Durbar s cited by Kaplan et al. 1995) and also create limitations to what they can do. Grave and Blithest (2004) suggests that between the ages of 5 and 8 developmental immaturity occurs. Harrington (2003) states that some techniques within CB require the patient to possess certain cognitions to carry out tasks and if the patient is at a developmental stage where they cannot complete the tasks then a barrier is formed. Clark (2005) proposes that sessions need to be ‘developmentally appropriate' and engage the child; adolescents are more able to participate in more adult sessions, whereas younger children may benefit from treatment centered around play.This is demonstrated by Grave and Blithest (2004) who state that combining CB and play is an â€Å"effective way of communicating with young children† (peg. 414) The child's developmental stage may also govern how much adult involvement there will be In the therapy; Clark (2005) highlights that â€Å"the younger the child, the more likely It Is that parents may become Involved In treatment† (peg. 130), this Is due to the on-going developmental changes and the child's dependency. Kaplan et al. 1995) state that arenas should be educated in the cognitive behavioral techniques being used and when the child attempts to use something learned in therapy at home, should give positive feedback and assume the role of co-therapist. Harrington (2003) discusses how the role of an adult can enhance the therapy as they can communicate things to the therapist that the child may be reluctant to talk about. There are also ethical Issues to be taken into consideration when undertaking CB with adolescents.Kendal and Degrade et al. (As cited by Clark, 2005) highlight that it is adults, usually parents, ho accompany children and adolescents to therapy sessions and although not the patient themselves, dictate what issues they would Eke the therapy to address. Degrade et al. (As cited by Clark, 2005) continues to discuss how this may create a to the treatment for children and young people as it teaches them techniques that they can later call upon when facing similar situations in the future.

Wednesday, October 23, 2019

Onlinr registration Essay

Student Information System (SIS) is a web-base application soft ware designed to introduce a conducive and structured information. Exchange environment for integrating student, parents, teachers and administration of school or college (Ajhay 8). On the contrary, Manual Registration means that people are required or using physical skills and energy and worked or by hand and not by machine. The difference of these two kinds of registration are: before computer technology is not yet popular then that’s school or colleges are using manual registration. The students who undergo in enrollment procedure, which is very inconvenient, and hassle on the part of the student and of the enrollment staff as well. Here they need a lot of efforts to finish the steps that need to be done in a specific time. Steps are like filling up an application forms, falling in line passing it to a certain personnel and more. In addition, manual registration is time consumable and costly by means of transportation and other expenses. But now a days, with modern technology, it’s makes student’s life simple in many ways. In other college and university, like Polytechnic University of the Philippines (PUP) they are already implementing this kind of system, for the easy and convenient of the student the system provides for students the option register courses, without the advisor`s prior approval, offered by their colleges during the scheduled registration periods. In this, the students can modify their course selection by adding and for dropping courses. Background of the Study The purpose of the topic is to know what is more efficient, effective and convenient way on how student can enroll. In these days, time, effort and money are such vital things that have to be use very efficiently to have a satisfactory outcome whatever work is to be done. Many student encountered lots of problem on how to enroll in their school, they get confuse on what is convenient when it comes in registration. Some people prepare manual than online registration because for their different reasons and vice versa. This research will know which more is, likely to use of students community. The main reason of choosing this study is to help our fellow students to choose what is the best way to be enrolled. Sub-reason is not to lose their time, effort and money in registering in their schools. We also come up to this idea because in Polytechnic University of the Philippines (PUP) students are undergoing in online registration unlike in our former schools, which uses the manual registration. Since we are freshmen of this school, we first encounter online registration and we are confused using online registration (SIS). This research will help us and other students to know which is better, the manual or the online registration. This will also serve as our guide to choose which kind of system we will going to use in our next enrollment. Significance of the Study This research is important because it will provide convenience to the student who will undergo registration process. It will help them to choose which is the easiest way to enroll is and will also help them to decide which system of registration they will use. Statement of the Problem The research that we will conduct, will let us to find out what is most efficient, effective and convenient way to register by the students of Bachelor in Cooperatives, Polytechnic University of the Philippines of SY 2013-2014 This study will let us to the answer to the following research questions. Manual Registration advantage and disadvantage 1. 1. Is it costly? 1. 2. Is it time bound? 1. 3. Is it accessible? 1. 4. Is it time consuming? 1. 5. Is it reliable? 2. Online Registration advantage and disadvantage 2. 1. Is it costly? 2. 2. Is it time bound? 2. 3. Is it accessible? 2. 4. Is it time consuming? 2. 5. It is reliable Scope and Limitation This study seeks which is moreefficient to use manual or online registration; their advantages and disadvantages. Only 50 students from Bachelor in Cooperatives, Polytechnic University of the Philippines of SY 2013-2014 will involve. The study focused only on manual and online registration system, which is more likely to use between the two. Not include the manual operator and other online system. Definition of Terms Registration [mass noun] the action or of registering or of being registered (Oxford dictionary). Manual RegistrationMeans that people are faxing, mailing o phoning in their registration (Eply, 2010) Online RegistrationStudents allow through internet, to register, dropped or add courses within registration period and the adviser to do advising to the students by approving/reflecting some requested courses by the students by recommending (Ajman University). InternetAn electronic communications network that connects computer networks and organizational computer facilities around the world (Merriam Webster). Chapter 2 Review of Related Literature and Studies Local literature In other schools they are already implementing the online registration system for the ease and convenience of the students. However, some are still undergo in manual enrollment procedure which is very inconvenient and hassle on the part of the students, hence this is more easily to use because you don’t need to use some modern technologies that some students don’t have. (Butcon 9). These two has advantages and disadvantages. One is the generation of forms. The students needed to fill up four copies of registration form (copy for the student, accountant, registrar and dean). Students were consuming a lot of time in doing such. Since the students are manually filling-up the official documents of the school, data redundancy has a great possibility in causing further complexity in the enrollment process (Butcon 9). In the contrary, some colleges preferred online registration system because it is easier, accurate and organize when it keeping data. Tani says that â€Å"Online registration is more convenient to use because it is easy and fast they’re also more accurate than you probably are, when it comes to mathematical natural calculations. † Although manual registration is a waste of time, it is reliable and accessible because you are directly registered in a specific office. While in online registration, sometimes failure of connection occurred. Though modern technology arises some people don’t have it yet so others need to go to the place where they can avail internet connection. Foreign Literature There are many advantages of the online system over the manual system. The manual system is tedious and it is more error prone in comparison to the online system. We can handle our work much efficiently with the online system and it helps to save our time and money. The popularity of the online system is increasing day by day and most of the systems are being computerized nowadays. Now, you can buy your movie ticket through the online system, you needn’t go to the several offices to pay your monthly utilities bill etc. You can just login into the system and pay instantly bills thus living the hassle free life. The online system is especially useful for getting information instantly. US department of Homeland and Security is using the online system to track the status of all the foreign student. Imagine, is it possible to know the status of millions of students if there is no such online system? Definitely answer is not. Another advantage of the online system is it is not as error prone as the manual system. When people need to do the same job then they usually make mistake, which causes the problem in information representation. The online system avoids such error and makes the life easier. Our life will be really green when everything is done through computer and there is no paper work. (John 2010) Local Studies In past few years the Iloilo State College of Fisheries Barotac Nuevo Campus relies only on a manual Enrolment System which in return it was uneasy, inaccurate and unreliable to the sake of the students and personnel involved. The lack of latest technology innovations specifically computers was one of the big reason why the proposed system was still on vision. Financial aspects is also a main concern why the institution still depend on a manual form of Enrolment System which has a great impact to a student and faculty in return specifically in Enrolment System (Pio 2013). During enrolment, it is undeniably noticeable on some problems and difficulties arising from each respective procedure, hence leading to minor errors and inaccuracy (Antony 2010). The technology today plays a vital role in our society. It makes man work easier and fast. It lessens error of work by using machines. It reduces costs to an organization from paper works up to computerized working system. Many manual transactions can be computerized by using software applications or computer systems to make work easier and efficient (Eunice 2011). Foreign Studies On these days, time, effort and money are such vital things that have to be used very efficiently to have a satisfactory outcome whatever work is to be done and some colleges and universities give importance about it. In the past couple of decades, computers and technology revolutionized one–slow processes, saving industries time and money ways not previously possible (Anderson 30). Online registration was beginning to be recognized for its operation in assisting university administration (Chao 3). A better understanding of the online registration should boost faculty and students self-confidence in using computer technology (Chao 14). But it is not bad to back in the basic- the manual registration like we used to do; hence use of online registration can help students realize some key characteristics using online service: simplicity, effectiveness, and convenience. Chapter 3 Research Methodology Research Design The research design was a descriptive method, particularly the survey. This method is use to know which is more efficient, effect and convenient to use, the manual registration or the online registration, by the students of Bachelor in Cooperatives in Polytechnic University of the Philippines (PUP), in the present day. Respondents The target respondents of the survey are 50 students from the Department of Cooperatives and Social Development, College of Social Science and Development, Polytechnic University of the Philippines (PUP), Sta. Mesa Campus. This number of respondents are not too numerous but it enough to testify the research. Research Instrument The checklist structured survey, wherein the researchers prepared a list of questions that the respondents will check the level of their satisfaction according to their perception. The researchers also put a comment box, so the respondents can share their opinions about the topic assigned. Data- Gathering Procedure The data is gather form 50 students from the Department of Cooperatives and Social Development, College of Social Science and Development, Polytechnic University of the Philippines (PUP), who interview by the researchers. The researchers conduct the survey test in the students of Bachelor in Cooperatives, in their free time. The survey paper that they answer is recorded by the researchers as a whole. Statistical Treatment All responses are tallied before the researchers put in the table for the statistical treatment. Percentage is use to express the data gathered for subproblems 1 and 2. The formula for the percentage is: Where:p = percentage f = frequency N = total number of respondents

Tuesday, October 22, 2019

Arab Feminism Essays

Arab Feminism Essays Arab Feminism Essay Arab Feminism Essay There is distinction between lives of Arab Women and their perception by American Media. The stereotypes spin out of control. Rise of US Feminism and with the rise of ‘Islam’ as enemy emerged in 1970-80’s. ?History of Arab Feminism is long, layered and impressive. (Oxymoronic) ? Women NGO’s in Middle East and North Africa have risen exponentially in 1980-90’s. ?Ex: New Woman’s group, Arab Woman’s Publishing House, the Alliance of Arab Women, the association for the development and Enhancement of Women, Progressive Women’s Union. (In Egypt) Books Authors stating something ?Quran ?Leveled the social balances for Women. ?Women had the right to inherit property, own and operate businesses. ?Banned infanticide of newborn baby girls. ?Shirley Gutherie author of ‘Arab Women in the Middle Ages’ ? Affluent Arab Women’s negotiated the details of Marriage Contract. ?Demanded their husbands to be monogamous. ?Demanded right to initiate divorce proceedings. ?Qasim Amin â€Å"Father of Arab Feminism† wrote book ‘The Liberation of Women’ ? Huda Sha’rawi a contemporary of Qasim Amin. ?Founded Egyptian Feminist Union. Her Pan-Arab Feminism worked closely with Pan-Arab movment, which was response to British Colonisim. ?Success of both the things was interdependent. Question: Reason for Antagonism between Western and Eastern Feminism. Answer: Western sees men from East suppressing and scheduling their women and Easterner underlines the immorality of women in the west. ?Arab Feminism Today ? A recent memoir by Fay Ataf Kanafani,entitled ‘ Nadia, Captive of Hope: Memoir of an Arab Women’. Story is about a Palestinian woman who was married off to her cousin and then widowed during Arab-Israeli War. She describes the gender inequality during 1940-50’s and feminist principles. ?Noted Arab Feminist, Nawal al-Saadawi managed to keep her marriage intact despite an Egyptian lawsuit. She had been accused because of comments she made in an interview. ?Her Vocal opposition and other issues made her a target of Islamist Fundamentalists, who put her name on death list in 1993, prompting her to immigrate to US. ?Arab women reclaiming their identities and correcting historically maligned portray. ?Novel ‘In the eye of Sun’ written by Ahdaf Soueif. It’s a story about woman Asya who cheats her husband and has a brief affair with a person in England. Concept of odalisque and the stereotypes people have has been explained beautifully. ?Leila Shebbar author of Sherzade Trilogy. It’s about an Algerian woman staying in Paris who proclaims â€Å"I m not an odalisque†. ?Veil ?Qasim Amin’s ‘The Liberation of Women’ (1899) was considered scandalous for his call for abolition of veil. ?It shows veil has been point of discussion over centuries. And it’s not Western Feminism who brought this thing ahead. ?Leila Ahmad author of ‘Women and Gender in Islam’. She illustrates that the British â€Å"Victorian Male Establishment† used the idea that Muslim men oppressed Muslim women as a justifiable pretext for its colonization and civilization of Muslim countries. ?Many women in Middle East see this concept of veil as important locus of discussion, and divorces have occurred due t o the concept of veil. ?Some women see this topic as irrelevant as it’s distracting from the main problems of women’s access to education, health care and increasing poverty in Arab families. ?After September 11 attacks, all of the women who wore veil were verbally targeted. Arab Women’s hated stopping at red lights because people in the cars sitting next to her would curse her and even show her finger. ?Instances of repudiating veil. ?In Iran, militant Qurratul Ayn publically unveiled as early as 1840’s. ?In 1923, Egyptian Feminist Huda Shawari rejected this concept of veil by flinging it into sea. American women should recognize that Arab women themselves and even some Arab men have grappled with gender inequality for over a century. This is the message which American Feminists have unheard, although they must have heard.

Monday, October 21, 2019

Total Ban on Guns essays

Total Ban on Guns essays Imagine a world without guns. How much less deaths would there be? Do you know or have heard of anyone who has died from a gun shot? Most likely you have or do. Now imagine if guns did not exist. These people would most likely still be living today. Having a total ban on guns would lessen many deaths that occur every year. Banning guns would make some people feel safer because people would not have the option to reach for a gun in times of danger, anger, or insecurities among other reasons they feel the need for a gun. Having a total ban on guns would also eliminate many accidental deaths caused by guns. Now, there are those who are against the idea of banning guns. Lets first look at why they would oppose the idea of total banning of guns. Those who oppose the idea of banning guns, not having a gun would make them feel insecure that they may no be able to protect themselves from criminals. They want to be able to protect themselves and their families in times like having their house robbed. Researchers have shown that felons actually stay away from victims who do own firearms. In the article, Should You Own a Gun? Witkins states, A 1986 survey of 1,900 incarcerated felons by sociologists James Wright and Peter Rossi founded that 40 percent had at some time decided not to commit a crime because they believed the intended victim was armed. The author goes on to say, Three fifths of the felons said criminals are more worried about meeting an armed victim than they are about the police. These answers cam from the criminals themselves about their life of crime. They are scared that a victim with a gun is potentially more dangerous than the police. They also fear that suspected victims with guns are prepared to pro tect themselves from criminals, so they back off. Those who lobby for gun control want to ban firearms because it poses as a threat to anyone who ...

Sunday, October 20, 2019

How Can You Build the Most Versatile College Application

How Can You Build the Most Versatile College Application SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Looking at college admissions websites and requirements can be overwhelming. Many colleges have slightly different standardized test and letter of recommendation requirements. Furthermore, some colleges require just one personal statement, while others require multiple essays and short answer responses. It can be a lot to keep track of! So how do you go about preparing your college applications, when colleges seem like they all want slightly different application materials? And how do you make sure you are competitive everywhere you apply? We will explain how to make the most versatile college application. By versatile we mean an application that will allow you to apply competitively to the broadest range of colleges. This guide is suitable for students aiming for the most competitive colleges, but you can also tailor it to your needs if you're applying to local state schools. Maximize Your ACT/SAT Score, But Just Focus on One Test The most efficient way, hour-for-hour, to improve your college admissions chances is to study for the ACT or SAT and get the highest score you can. Your SAT/ACT score is a very important factor in admissions. Having a score above a school's average range greatly improves your odds of admission, but if you are below their admitted student range, your odds go down. So it's important to get the highest possible SAT/ACT score for you, as it will give you flexibility in terms of where you can apply. As an example, here are the middle 50% SAT and ACT ranges for four popular colleges in the Boston area. Middle 50% means these are the ranges of scores in the middle of their accepted applicant pool. This means a score above the middle 50% range puts you in line with the top 25% of their applicants, and a score below it puts you in the bottom 25% and makes you a less likely admit. Harvard SAT Math 740-800 SAT Evidence-Based Reading Writing 720-780 ACT Composite 33-35 ACT English 34-36 ACT Math 31-35 Via Harvard's 2018-2019 Common Data Set Harvard is one of the most competitive colleges in the country. As such, their SAT and ACT ranges can be intimidating. Notice that their middle 50% ranges for the SAT end at 780 or 800, meaning that the top 25% of admits have perfect scores on those sections. To be competitive at Harvard, you need SAT section scores at least in the 700s, but the closer to 800 you are, the better chances you have. Boston College SAT Evidence-Based Reading and Writing 650-720 SAT Math 670-770 ACT Composite 31-34 Via Boston College Factbook, 2018-19. Boston College is also a competitive college in the Boston area. While BC isn't quite as competitive as Harvard, you need SAT section scores in the low to mid 700s to be a competitive applicant, while any scores 650 or lower would make your admission less likely. Boston University SAT Evidence-Based Reading and Writing 640-720 SAT Math 660-760 ACT Composite 29-32 ACT English 28-34 ACT Math 27-32 Via Boston University's Common Data Set, 2018-2019. Boston University is a large, top-50 university. Like with BC, SAT section scores in the 600s would put you in line with their middle 50% of admits, while anything lower than 600 would make you less competitive, and anything higher than 760 would make you quite competitive. The main difference in the score profiles between BU and BC is that BU's ACT score range is a bit lower. University of Massachusetts Boston SAT Evidence-Based Reading and Writing 500-610 SAT Math 520-610 ACT Composite 21-27 ACT English 20-30 ACT Math 20-26 Via University of Massachusetts Boston's Common Data Set, 2018-2019. The University of Massachusetts Boston is a public research university. Section scores in the 600s or higher would make you quite competitive, while anything lower than a 500 would put you towards the bottom half of their admitted students. As you can see, the higher your SAT or ACT score is, the more colleges you can apply to competitively. For example, if you had a 1400 on the current SAT, with 700 on each section, Harvard would be a reach, but you would be in line with the admitted students at Boston College and Boston University and competitive at U Mass Boston. But if you had a 1000/1600, with about 500 on each section, you would be in line with admits at U Mass Boston, but the other schools would all be reaches. In short, it's smart to maximize your ACT or SAT score to give yourself the most options when applying to college. But just focus on studying for one test! The vast majority of colleges accept both tests equally, and they don't favor students who have taken both. In fact, if you do worse on one test, that could hurt your chances. Just pick one! It's also much more efficient to focus your time on studying for one test. If you split your time between the two, you'll likely end up doing worse on both than you could have if you had just focused on one. (Wondering which one you should take? Read a detailed comparison of the ACT and SAT, and figure out which test you will do the best on.) As a final note, make sure to take the ACT Plus Writing or the SAT with Essay if you want the most versatile application. Not all colleges require the writing sections of the ACT and SAT, but if you want to have the most versatile college application, having the writing version under your belt is important, since some colleges only accept the SAT or the ACT with the optional writing section. Take Two SAT Subject Tests In addition to taking either the SAT or ACT, you can help put together a flexible college application by taking two SAT subject tests. Why? Some colleges (especially selective ones) require or recommend SAT Subject Tests as part of applications. For example, Princeton recommends two SAT Subject Tests. Harvard does not require them, but highly recommends them unless you have extenuating circumstances: "While we recommend that you submit two SAT Subject Tests, you may apply without them if the cost of the tests represents a financial hardship or if you prefer to have your application considered without them." Some colleges don't require SAT Subject Tests, but say they will still consider them as part of applications, like the University of Michigan. And even colleges that don't use SAT Subject Tests for admissions often use SAT Subject scores to place students in first-year classes, especially in language, math, and science. In short, taking two SAT Subject Tests will allow you to apply to schools that require them, but also give you an additional credential anywhere you apply. It will give you more flexibility and the chance to start in more advanced classes your freshman year. Also, make sure you take the two SAT Subject Tests in different subjects. For example, don't take Math I and Math II. If you're interested in engineering programs, try to take one Subject Test in math and one in science. For any other programs, take the two you can do best on. For more on SAT subject tests and which ones to take, read this guide. Extracurricular Activities There is no magic set of extracurricular activities or sports that will make your college application the most impressive. But keep the following rule in mind as you pursue extracurricular activities and put together your college applications: depth over breadth. It's more impressive to be deeply involved with two activities and have leadership roles in both than to be in eight clubs or sports but just participate without getting too involved. You should add to the trophy case, not just the club roster. So if you're reading this as a junior or younger, try to get involved in a few clubs, sports, and extracurricular activities you're passionate about, and go for leadership positions. Also aim to get recognition or awards at the highest level you can- whether that's regional, state, or national. Don't join anything and everything just to be able to say you were in 10 clubs. Focus on a few activities you are passionate about and can make a difference doing. If you're a senior putting together your college applications, list everything you've been involved in, starting with the most important and working your way down. Make sure to highlight any leadership positions, awards, or other accomplishments. And again, emphasize depth over breadth. Don't feel pressured to fill out every available "activities" space. Again, depth matters more than breadth. Make sure for every activity you add, you have something valuable to say about it- an award you won, a leadership position you held, or the effect it had on your academic or personal development. Letters of Recommendation Some colleges don't have very specific guidelines for letters of recommendation (sometimes called teacher evaluations), and some don't require them at all. As an example, the University of Washington really doesn't want any letters. However, it's pretty typical for colleges to require two letters of recommendation. This is especially true at selective colleges. For example, Stanford requires two teacher evaluations. Some colleges have stricter guidelines, and say they want the letters to come from teachers who teach different subjects. MIT says the letters have to come from one math/science teacher and one humanities teacher. So to maximize your application reach, get two letters from teachers in different subjects- a math teacher and an English teacher, for example. Obviously don't send the letters to colleges that don't want them, but if you have those letters ready to go, it will allow you to apply to nearly any college. Also, to make your application most competitive, remember to follow basic letter of recommendation guidelines: choose teachers who taught you recently, ideally junior year, and can speak specifically to your academic strengths. Don't choose a teacher who won't have specific, positive things to say about you. "Halle was a good student and always did her homework" won't cut it. Find a teacher who can say something closer to "Halle's essays were consistently insightful. Her work was of a higher quality than not just this year's students, but of many students I have taught over my career." Should You Get A Third Letter? It's rare for a college to require more than two teacher recommendations. However, some allow for a third letter, which can come from a person who knows you well, like a coach, boss, youth group leader, or instructor from a summer course. For example, the University of Chicago and Brown both accept additional letters if they add extra detail to your application. Don't add a letter just to stuff your admissions file. If you have someone like this in your life who you know will have very good things to say to you and will provide information that your teachers cannot, ask them to write you a third letter. For example, if you took a summer college course and the professor can speak to how well you handled the material, they could write a great recommendation. Or if you have a boss who can talk about your busy schedule and work ethic the way a teacher can't, that provides important extra information to your application. Don't get an extra letter just to have one. Make sure the extra letter is adding additional material to your application. For colleges that allow a third letter of recommendation, getting one can help your chances by giving colleges another chance to get to know you. Don't Blow Off Senior Year A common theme on college admissions websites is that colleges want students who have challenged themselves in high school with rigorous schedules. This is especially true if you are going for top-tier schools. And senior year is no exception! For example, Yale says "senior year is not the time to take a light course load." By the time you reach senior year, you can't go back in time and change your first three years of high school. However, you can make sure your senior year schedule is challenging. Colleges will be looking at your senior year schedule, and it won't look good if you're slacking off. For example, if you take a full schedule with three AP classes junior year, and then have a senior schedule with free periods and no AP classes, that might raise questions, especially at selective colleges you might be applying to. Of course, don't do the opposite and overload yourself- especially since you need time senior year for college apps!- but make sure your senior year schedule doesn't raise any red flags. And if you're reading this as a younger high school student, make sure to take the most challenging schedule available to you at your high school. Challenge yourself with AP or IB classes if they are available. (Read more here about choosing between AP and IB and how many AP classes you should take.) Choose Your Essay Topic Carefully One thing you'll notice as you begin looking at different colleges' applications is that many have extra questions or Common Application supplements that give you the chance to share lots of info about yourself- what you want to study, why you want to go to that particular college, or even things like your favorite movies and books. For example, the University of Chicago is famous for having unique, quirky additional essay questions, like "What's so odd about odd numbers?" or "Were pH an expression of personality, what would your pH be and why?" Columbia University asks you to share your favorite required reading and books you read for pleasure in the past year, as well as publications you read and entertainment (like movies, concerts, exhibits) that you enjoyed the most in the past year. To read any college's supplement, you can search for "[Name of College/University] Supplement" or "[Name of College/University] Essay Questions." If you're using the Common Application or Universal College Application, you can look up colleges you're interested in to see their supplements. However, sometimes colleges don't have a supplement or additional questions, meaning the one part of your application you can let them get to know you is with your personal statement. In other words, your main essay is very important, since in some cases it will be your only chance to show your personality. If there is something you want every college to know about- from an important personal experience to an intellectual passion of yours- that experience should be in your main essay. Even if your main topic perfectly fits a prompt for one college's supplement, you should use it for your main essay instead. This way, even if a college doesn't have a supplement, you will get to present the information most important to you. If colleges do have supplemental questions, you can use them to dive deeper into your essay topic or, even better, share other experiences or passions. What's a Good Essay Topic? There are as many potential personal essay topics as there are students applying. Every student has different experiences and passions that could make a great essay. The key is to write about something that is meaningful and specific to you. Remember that a complete stranger will be reading your application. You want them to come away from your essay feeling like they know you, and what you can bring to their college. For example, if you went through an incredibly challenging personal experience- a family member's illness, an instance of discrimination, an unexpected setback- that could be great material for you essay, especially if it has affected your future goals and interests. Or if you are passionate about a certain topic or subject- from 18th century French history to making your own mobile phone apps- that could also be a great essay topic, as it will show your intellectual depth and give colleges an idea of what you might contribute to them. The key is to write about something that will help tell your story, and help show what you will be pursue in college. Don't choose a topic just because you think it's something colleges will like. For example, if you went on a service trip your junior year but it didn't resonate with you or affect your future goals, don't try and make up a story about how meaningful the trip was to you. It will be more effective to write about something you are actually passionate about. Once you've chosen a topic, ask yourself the following questions to make sure it's a strong choice: Will any other student applying to college this year have an essay like mine? (If you can see several students writing a very similar essay, you should choose a topic more specific to you) If I gave this essay to a complete stranger, would they get a clear sense of my personality just by reading it? Am I writing about something I care about, or did I choose this topic becuase I thought it would look good? If your essay is specific to you, reveals your personality, and allows you to write about something you actually care about, chances are, it's going to be a great essay. Bottom Line: How to Put Together a Winning College App There is a lot that goes into a successful college application, and your chances of admission will vary by the schools you apply to and your set of strengths and weaknesses. But chances of admission aside, these are the steps you can take to put together a college application that will allow you to apply to the broadest range of colleges, from the most selective to your local state schools. #1: Take either the ACT Plus Writing or the SAT, and do as well as you can. #2: Take two SAT Subject Tests. #3: Go for depth over breadth with your extracurriculars. #4: Get two letters of recommendation from teachers in different subjects. Consider getting a third letter if it will add more information to your application. #5: Take a challenging senior year schedule. #6: Choose a personal essay topic that is specific and meaningful to you. What's Next? Speaking of maximizing your ACT and SAT score, get tips from our full-scorer on getting a perfect score on the SAT or on the ACT. Even if you're not aiming for perfect, these principles can help you raise your score to whatever your target is. Also consider our PrepScholar program to get prepared for the SAT or the ACT. Get specific advice on acing the ACT and SAT essays. Learn to raise a low SAT/ACT math score with these tips. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points? We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Saturday, October 19, 2019

Whistle-blowers. Reasons, Outcomes and Company Loyalty Research Paper

Whistle-blowers. Reasons, Outcomes and Company Loyalty - Research Paper Example Whistle blowers generally inform the world about the unethical practices going on inside the organisation which would seek the interest of public. According to the professional ethics, an employee is expected to give more importance to the collegial loyalty; however, the code of ethics often consider the loyalty towards the public and society to be more important and emphasises more on the professionals’ moral responsibilities. The United States Code of ethics for the government employees directs them to â€Å"expose corruption wherever uncovered† and to â€Å"put loyalty to the highest moral principles and to country above loyalty to persons, party, or government† (Bok, S. â€Å"Whistle-blowing and Professional Responsibility†: 70) The objective of this project is to explain the corporate ethics along with the importance and responsibilities related with whistle blowing taking the Enron case into consideration. A few recommendations will also be suggested in this project about the responsibilities of a whistle blower and what can be the outcomes of whistle blowing. Whistleblower A whistle blower is the employee who reveals the malpractices going on in his/her organisation by disclosing the organisational secrets to the public. Notably, this kind of disclosers can be made by employees of a particular organisation not necessarily to the public, but also to the higher authorities and the concerned governmental institutions as well. Any kind of leakage of secret information generally harms an organisation and may possibly result in the termination of the employee (Bok, S. â€Å"Whistle Blowing and Professional Responsibility†). Current practices have revealed various such instances of whistle blowing among which Enron’s case has been one of the milestones in corporate history. Enron is a large-sized Houston-based company which deals in energy commodities. This company employed around 21,000 of individuals and was amongst t he world’s leading companies of natural gas, electricity, paper and pulp and communications, which was known to claim revenues of $111 billion in the year 2000 (Scribd Inc, â€Å"Business Ethics Case†). However, the company became insolvent by 2001 and intended to save billions which it owed to its investors, though by unethical means. In such situation, Sherron Watkins, the ex-vice president of the company uncovered the miserable situation in front of public after her strategies to consult with the higher authorities concerning the matter failed. In the case of Enron, Sherron Watkins understood her responsibilities towards the innocent investors who trusted the company and found her moral ethics to be more important than the corporate ethics (The Buffalo News, â€Å"Enron Whistle-Blower Says Case Shows Need for Better Safeguards†). Reasons for Whistle Blowing Organisations, in the modern day context are often witnessed to conduct malpractices which in turn are quite likely to hamper the community welfare or the interests of its stakeholders to a large extent. Knowing the malpractices of the management, when an employee perceives his/her moral responsibilities toward the society as more important than his/her company loyalty, the individual decides to blow the whistle.

Multicultural psychology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Multicultural psychology - Essay Example The recent film Syriana is perhaps the first mainstream American film to deal with Muslim culture in a three-dimensional manner. Despite this-or perhaps because of this-the film has been attacked by those on the right wing. Syriana is a multi-layered story that delineates the complexity of the global energy business and how it is affected both by western politics and religious faith. The backlash against the film by conservatives and big-business proponents probably has mostly to do with the painting of the American government as being far more interested in profits than democratic ideals. Perhaps the most surprising thing about the complaints against the film is that very little has been made about the utter humanization of the Muslim characters. The Muslim culture remains a mystery to most people in the West; films and television provide most of us with our only glimpse into how these people live. Syriana shows Muslim people throughout the strata of society, from those who run countries and industry down to the workers displaced by the Machiavellian international machinations behind oil production.

Friday, October 18, 2019

Military Governments and Human Rights in the 20th Century Latin Essay

Military Governments and Human Rights in the 20th Century Latin America - Essay Example s in a story however though the lighter part of it have always been over-shadowed by the number of deaths and traumatic experiences these struggle for power and supremacy have brought at all corners of the world people are living in. It is painful enough to know that there are innocent people being killed however it is more painful to know that there are families being torn apart and family members killing each other in the process. In Paul Dix and Pamela Fitzpatrick’s book, the characters were real people. They were real victims this is unlike other literary pieces where the characters are just based on what happened to real people. Here, one can actually feel the pain and anguish the victims and their families felt during the war in Nicaragua. Families lost a member or two while other victims lost their limbs. Though the pictures were in black and white, the message they conveyed were in high definition and in full color. This is the difference of this book compared to other war inspired books. No words were needed to express the pain and suffering of those people who got caught in the middle of conflicting parties. Children should have been playing with toys, having fun laughing and smiling unlike those in the pictures where they are crying and running away for safety (NicaraguaPhotoTestimony.Org). During the year 1985, an Argentine film was produced to mirror how the war is breaking up friendships and families. There can also be a hint of losing one’s self-identity during the process. This film was Luis Puenzo’s The Official Story. This was the story about families, families torn apart by the war and a family that became complete because of the loss of others. The main female protagonist in this film was Alicia, who did not have a biological child with her husband Roberto and eventually adopted Gaby. It was Alicia’s curiosity that brought up the issue of Gaby’s biological parents. For someone who took care of a child and gave her a name and a home,

Islam vs. Christianity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Islam vs. Christianity - Essay Example Nonetheless, this essay will address the comparison between Islam and Christianity from the historical perspective, as well as how the significance of these religions in society, especially with regard to the influence these might have on rulers in society. The rise of Christianity can be traced from the early Byzantine and Justinian Empires. Emperor Justinian I championed the Christian culture, which is evident in various levels of the Byzantine culture. Justinian is heralded for shaping church policies. He therefore, got rid of the former religious practices, including the practice of paganism. For instance, Justinian declared an expulsion for pagan teachers for the academy of Athens (The Metropolitan Museum of Art web). Overall, it is during the early Benzatium that Christianity spread, and replaced the gods of antiquity. On the other hand, the spread of Islamic religion can be traced to the Abbasid dynasty. The Abbasid dynasty is highly associated with the rise of civilization. T his later spread to other parts of the empire. In addition to various aspects of civilization in this dynasty, there was progress in science and this led to the development of Islamic sciences, which fell under the category of religious sciences. Nonetheless, this comprised branches such as Hadith, Fiqh, and Tafsir. The dominant religion in Abbasid dynasty was, therefore, Islam. However, there was religious tolerance in the dynasty. There is a relationship between religion and power, especially, when focus is on the past civilizations. The rulers in past societies drew considerably on religion to rule their subjects (Brisch Web). An example of this is the aspect of divine kingship in Mesopotamia. Basing the notion of religion, Naram-Sin of Akkad, who was the first ruler of Mesopotamia, declared himself a divine king. This aspect is also called self-deification. Other rulers that took up self-deification include Shulgi (2095–2049 BCE) of the Third Dynasty of Urm, Rim-Sin of La rsa (1822–1763 BCE) and Hammurabi of Babylon (1792–1750 BCE) (Brisch Web). Nonetheless, in self-deification, the kings compared themselves gods, who needed to be worshipped, like the one divine God. Nonetheless, a major reason for this was to prove that they were powerful, and to expand their area influence, as well as legitimize their powers. Rulers in some of the past civilizations also used religion to guide people. Nonetheless, the laws of some civilizations in the past were drawn from religion. However, the relationship between law and religion is changing throughout history (Barzilai Web). The use of natural law in past societies can be closely associated with religion. Nonetheless, among the Israelites, the Mosaic Law, including the Ten Commandments was used. These were considered as laws from God himself. In the epic of Gilgamesh, the rulers had a different perception of the gods. Mainly, the rulers feared and revered the gods, as they considered the gods dange rous. Therefore, in this case, self-deification as in the case of Mesopotamia was impossible, as the gods would possibly destroy any ruler that would attempt this (Carnahan Web). In addition, the gods in the epic of Gilgamesh were considered dangerous for humans. For instance, unlike in the Mosaic Law and Abrahamic covenant, the gods in the

Thursday, October 17, 2019

How the French and Indian War affected the outcome of the 7 years war Research Paper

How the French and Indian War affected the outcome of the 7 years war - Research Paper Example Overview Even though the root of the conflict in Europe was the competition between Austria and Prussia for possession of Silesia, the prevailing subject of the clash between France and Britain was power over trade and commerce with the colonies in North America, Africa, and India.1 The specific target of both these nations was the very lucrative Atlantic trade system. This trade system transported slaves from Africa to the New World to work in the cultivation of specific agricultural goods, such as lumber, cotton, rice, and sugar.2 The raw materials were afterward transported to Europe for manufacturing and consumption. Processed goods that were not bought in Europe were returned to the American colonies and Africa for another trade or use.3 Although France controlled the production of sugar in the Caribbean, Britain supervised the goods produced in the North American colonies. The same competition between the two nations was present in India for cotton, spices, and tea. This econom ic competition between Britain and France in North America motivated the Seven Years’ War.4 By 1753, French colonists had started inhabiting the Ohio River Valley. The French had strong, positive ties with the Native Americans and aimed to enhance trading relations with them. The British settlers, who refused to be restricted to the Atlantic coastal areas, saw this French attempt as a danger to westward expansion and responded with aggression.5 Virginia’s governor deployed a group of mercenaries headed by George Washington to support the British cause in the Ohio River Valley and to contest the attempts of France toward expansion. Constructing a small fortification nearby modern-day Pittsburgh, the militia of Washington failed in their attempt to assault the French at Fort Duquesne.6 The British forces were resisted and pushed to retreat to their fort, where the French attacked them. After incurring heavy casualties, Washington was compelled to lay down arms. This figh t is regarded to be the first of the French-Indian part of the Seven Years’ War.7 With the collaboration between France and the natives in North America, the battle emerged quickly in Europe. In early 1756, through the Convention of Westminster, Britain took Prussia as its ally. The French directly allied with Austria. The coalitions of the War of Austrian Succession were upturned, with Prussia and Britain going against Austria and France.8 Sweden and Russia eventually entered the Franco-Austrian coalition. The influence of the French-Indian War on the outcome of the Seven Years’ War was worldwide. The impact of the war was also enduring, with its consequences still felt and seen in the 21st century.9 The French and Indian War Implication for the Seven Years’ War Because of the war, both Britain and France incurred heavy financial loses at the end of the Seven Years’ War, with serious long-term consequences. The war further raised the national debt of Bri tain. The Crown, trying to find ways to settle the debt, obliged its colonies to pay additional taxes.10 The colonies responded to these measures with more intense resistance, until forces were deployed to make sure that the Crown’s agents could safely carry out their obligations. These steps finally resulted in the American Revolutionary War. Likewise, the financial problem and military

Second Language Acquisition Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Second Language Acquisition - Essay Example Children respond according to their imagination. This way they are able to make a link between the country and the food. The teacher also speaks the adjectives and nouns loudly, for example, emphasizing on the word delicious. This makes the students grasp words and makes them learn how to use them in sentences. The teacher does not point out their mistakes; instead, she encourages them and repeats what every one of them speaks. She knows how to be lenient with non-native speakers. She involves all the children in the lesson and aims at making them participate actively so that they are able to think on their own and to recognize things and assign names to them. In short, the teacher uses interesting strategies to address the needs of non-native speaking English students by making use of the most modern technological tools like multimedia and by making the whole class participate in the learning process.

Wednesday, October 16, 2019

How the French and Indian War affected the outcome of the 7 years war Research Paper

How the French and Indian War affected the outcome of the 7 years war - Research Paper Example Overview Even though the root of the conflict in Europe was the competition between Austria and Prussia for possession of Silesia, the prevailing subject of the clash between France and Britain was power over trade and commerce with the colonies in North America, Africa, and India.1 The specific target of both these nations was the very lucrative Atlantic trade system. This trade system transported slaves from Africa to the New World to work in the cultivation of specific agricultural goods, such as lumber, cotton, rice, and sugar.2 The raw materials were afterward transported to Europe for manufacturing and consumption. Processed goods that were not bought in Europe were returned to the American colonies and Africa for another trade or use.3 Although France controlled the production of sugar in the Caribbean, Britain supervised the goods produced in the North American colonies. The same competition between the two nations was present in India for cotton, spices, and tea. This econom ic competition between Britain and France in North America motivated the Seven Years’ War.4 By 1753, French colonists had started inhabiting the Ohio River Valley. The French had strong, positive ties with the Native Americans and aimed to enhance trading relations with them. The British settlers, who refused to be restricted to the Atlantic coastal areas, saw this French attempt as a danger to westward expansion and responded with aggression.5 Virginia’s governor deployed a group of mercenaries headed by George Washington to support the British cause in the Ohio River Valley and to contest the attempts of France toward expansion. Constructing a small fortification nearby modern-day Pittsburgh, the militia of Washington failed in their attempt to assault the French at Fort Duquesne.6 The British forces were resisted and pushed to retreat to their fort, where the French attacked them. After incurring heavy casualties, Washington was compelled to lay down arms. This figh t is regarded to be the first of the French-Indian part of the Seven Years’ War.7 With the collaboration between France and the natives in North America, the battle emerged quickly in Europe. In early 1756, through the Convention of Westminster, Britain took Prussia as its ally. The French directly allied with Austria. The coalitions of the War of Austrian Succession were upturned, with Prussia and Britain going against Austria and France.8 Sweden and Russia eventually entered the Franco-Austrian coalition. The influence of the French-Indian War on the outcome of the Seven Years’ War was worldwide. The impact of the war was also enduring, with its consequences still felt and seen in the 21st century.9 The French and Indian War Implication for the Seven Years’ War Because of the war, both Britain and France incurred heavy financial loses at the end of the Seven Years’ War, with serious long-term consequences. The war further raised the national debt of Bri tain. The Crown, trying to find ways to settle the debt, obliged its colonies to pay additional taxes.10 The colonies responded to these measures with more intense resistance, until forces were deployed to make sure that the Crown’s agents could safely carry out their obligations. These steps finally resulted in the American Revolutionary War. Likewise, the financial problem and military

Tuesday, October 15, 2019

British and American Comedy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

British and American Comedy - Essay Example Bridget gets stuck between Daniel’s attractive personality and Mark’s close associations with her. This dilemma of Bridget gets solved through the information she learns from her mother about the real truth of the conflict between Daniel and Mark. Bridget learns that Daniel owing to his flirting character had contributed to breaking the relationship between Mark and Mark’s wife. Thus successfully coming out of the dilemma she decides to stay on with Mark (Maguire, 2001). Dilemma to Comedy In my perception, Bridget Jones’s Diary is truly a romantic comedy. Bridget in her relationship with the two people Daniel and Mark shows a reflection of good amount of emotion and romance, which culminates to putting her into dilemma. The movie in the midst of a romantic whirlpool becomes successful in portraying a comedian character of Bridget Jones. Bridget who frequently takes into alcohol and cigarettes takes the pledge to reduce her overweight. The way Bridget recor ds the same in her diary attracts attention in making it as one of best comedy films. Further, the film has employed many funny dialogues, which owing to their simplicity and straightforwardness made it have a comedy appeal. The flirting activities, which Bridget carries on out of her fantasy for her boss, Daniel Cleaver, also encourage a sense of comic actions. The comedy is best exposed in a boat scene where Daniel in an endeavor to balance himself between two boats one run by him and the other by Bridget loses balance and eventually falls into water. Bridget Jones Diary earns success in becoming a comedian film also because of the way the characters are portrayed in the movie. Bridget’s character enacted by Renee Zellweger has become the main... This essay stresses that  Bridget Jones is stuck in a real dilemma for the existence of two men in her life, Daniel and Mark. Daniel turns out to be her boss and Mark is the person whom she meets at the Christmas Party hosted by her parents. Bridget Jones in the initial stage in more busy involved in a relationship with Daniel Cleaver who also reflects a kind of possessiveness over girls and woman. Bridget despite knowing the fact that Daniel is an occasional flirter continues to share a strong relationship with him by going to dates.  According to the paper findings  the main roles in the movie Some Like It Hot is played by Marilyn Monroe, Tony Curtis and Jack Lemmon. Tony Curtis and Jack Lemmon in the movie play the roles of two musicians who were struggling to settle their career and earn a better livelihood. The names of the musicians, which Tony Curtis and Jack Lemmon portray in the movie, are that of Joe and Jerry. However, these people in a search for a better life and h ave become the center of chase having seen a murder make an endeavor to flee to Florida. The uniqueness in the portrayal of their character involves the turnaround where these two persons, Joe and Jerry decide to hide their original identity and join a musical band group maintained by girls. Joe and Jerry in their disguise name themselves as Josephine and Geraldine respectively. Marilyn Monroe on the other hand known as ‘Sugar Kane’ in the movie plays the role of a principal vocalist and plays a musical instrument for the band.

Monday, October 14, 2019

An Inch Closer to My Dream Essay Example for Free

An Inch Closer to My Dream Essay My exposure to my father’s dental practice has effectually inspired me to pursue a profession along a similar line. This dream has become an ultimate priority at this point in my life. It is my dream and I would do anything just to reach that dream, understanding the time, effort, and good work ethic that the dream requires. As a dentist, my father has specialized in implant surgery, and firsthand, I was able to see how his work transformed the lives of his patients – not only changing them physically, but changing more profoundly the way they looked at themselves and the world. I am a Korean, majoring in Art and I went to the United States to study Biology instead at California State University, Northridge. I have discovered that this degree has fully maximized my potential and it led me to the path where I am most fulfilled. Science is very essential to everyone’s existence and I cannot bear not to think critically of what is happening around us. It was very stimulating for me to solve problems of nature and life that I would wish to extend my study and earn a Master’s degree within the same field. I am very looking forward of pursuing functional anatomy, physiology, genetics, and embryology. My reason for pursuing oral biology at NYU is not merely because it is to my personal preference or liking. While that is one factor, I have also considered wanting to contribute to the betterment of Korean society in my own little way. I feel that through oral biological research, I would be able to make a dent in our social fabric, discovering new things about cures for diseases or mechanisms of seemingly untreatable illnesses. This has been a personal mission because I have had the chance to be exposed to indigent communities who are in dire need of help. Through oral biological research, I may be able to help these communities alleviate their poverty within my own sphere of influence. My volunteer work at my father’s clinic has allowed me to foster this desire to help other people authentically through the dental arts. Fortunately, I was enhance familiarity with dental procedures, including orthodontic treatment, root canal, prophylaxis, x-rays, among others. The idea alone of being able to make a difference in people’s lives, through oral biology, excites me. It makes me even more eager to pursue my course and be very competent biologist. Apart from wanting to help impoverished communities, I have also taken careful note of the level of scientific progress that Korea has attained. Unofrtunately, it is not as advanced as first world countries such as the United States. Thorugh my own contribution, I would like to see the advancement of science in my home country. I would love pursue my studies in a different university and I chose New York University to broaden my horizons, and gain new perspectives from a different environment and from different set of individuals. I believe that I can learn more by being exposed to a diverse culture and New York is the right place. Being able to study in New York, and also later work there is a great opportunity for me. Moreover, the Graduate Program in Oral Biology fits perfectly to my needs. Going through NYU’s website, I am filled with excitement as I realize that this course shall accord me with a solid foundation in the oral biological sciences, which are more specifically targetd at teaching and research. Some areas which I am particularly interested with are periodontal and caries microbiology, chemical carcinogenesis, mechanisms of mineralization, periodontal wound healing, and tumor immunology. I also believe that this school only produces the best, and I want to become the person I would be proud of in the future. This is where I should start my future. I think that exposure to various cultures shall also help me grow significantly as a person and professional. I will be able to learn how to deal with people with different backgournds, upbringing, and cultural heritage. Because I shall have the chance to interact with them frequently, I will be able to understand and respect their culture. This is very important, since stereotypes cause people to make biased decisions, which lead to social inequity. I would love to think that my enrollment in the university will help me become more impartial to race / color. I feel that the thrusts put forth by the university are strongly consistent with those that I personally uphold. I have high hopes that I will qualify to form part of this prestigious institution. It will surely be a privilege that I will take profound pride in. And because of such pride, I will work hard to excel academically. The ultimate goal is for me to become a competent professional – to be able to contribute substantially to humanitarian causes.

Sunday, October 13, 2019

studying media Essay -- essays research papers

Much of what we know about the world, beyond our immediate experience, comes to us through the media. Media studies gives us the tools to respond thoughtfully and critically to media content, and recognise media productions as deliberate constructions rather than windows on reality. The ‘mediated’ society in which we live, is heavily shaped by the transfer of information. Many of our values, our ideas, and our knowledge of the world come from beyond our individual daily or immediate experience, usually via the media. They play a vital role in democracy, shaping citizens\' understanding of social and political issues and functioning as gatekeepers through which issues, and events must be passed. By studying the media, and understanding the implications of mass communication, we are able to develop an understanding of how things work, how people become informed, and misinformed, and how the myths and ideologies that govern all of our lives are created and sustained. The media are an important part of our lives for many reasons. Primarily, they help to keep us informed about current affairs, both in the world at large and on the home front. The media are a central part of our lives. Think about how much time we spend being ‘exposed’ to their product’s everyday and how many different ways it can be used. Everyday, we use the media for information and perhaps less willingly, we also accept the media as a source of persuasion, most notably through advertising. Another way in which media represents an important part of our lives is through the influence and power they hold in society. Although it is not always clear what influence is held or whether it is good or bad, the media are often blamed for many of the problems in today’s society, most commonly with reference to the portrayal of violence. There are a disturbingly large number of cases in which the perpetrator of a violent crime has cited a relationship to the media, and in some cases has admitted to imitating a character or scene from a film. Though the media are a prevalent part of our lives, we need to recognise that there are other influences that are as strong, or even stronger. Family, education, religion, and peer groups all help to shape our ideas, values, beliefs and behavior. Whilst it is generally accepted that Hollywood films may desensitise children to the consequences of violence, we shou... ...dia and the way it reacts is especially important in society today. Everyday, interpretations of texts are made available to us in the form of mass media such as newspapers and television and it is in our interpretation of these media texts where the basis of public opinion is formed. In summary, the study of media is a crucial tool for regulating what is said and what should not be said. It gives us the power of choice and the power to question. Its main concern is with helping us develop an informed and critical understanding of the nature of media, the techniques used, and the impact of these techniques. More specifically, it aims to increase understanding and enjoyment of how the media work, how they produce meaning, how they are organized, and how they construct reality. It teaches us to understand the enjoyment people derive from texts and how audiences may be manipulated and deluded by stereotypical material. It helps us to develop important critical insights, and generate questions rather than taking what we are told at face value. Most importantly, it empowers us, its students, with the knowledge required to be active consumers and producers of the media. Words: 1,102.

Saturday, October 12, 2019

The three great crimes of macbeth :: essays research papers

The Three Great Crimes of Macbeth   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The play ‘Macbeth’ is a portrait of one man, an ambitious, ruthless, disturbing individual.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The play shows how he evolves as a person. Although we are presented with his declination from good to evil, we can see his human side throughout the play, which makes it a tragedy. The themes of ‘Macbeth’ are ambition, effects of evil, and violence. Once Macbeth’s ambition has ‘set the ball rolling’, events happen quickly in the play as it gathers momentum. The themes are demonstrated mainly by the language of the play. As in Shakespeare’s time, plays were performed in daylight with very few props. Ambition is something that everyone can identify with, and ‘Macbeth’ is a interesting study of how ambition can destroy you, so the audience is interested in Macbeth’s character. Our first impression of Macbeth is of a heroic, famous, popular man who is well liked by the King, Duncan. Duncan refers to Macbeth as ‘noble Macbeth’.(Act 1 Scene 2 L67) Macbeth craves the title of king greatly, but real izes that he will have to commit some horrible crimes to get that position. Macbeth is tempted to follow through with the acts because of two sources of external evil - the witches and his wife, Lady Macbeth. Macbeth was already ambitious, but this was only heightened by the women as they made those desires appear as though they were achievable. This sets into motion the first of three great crimes.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In Act one, scene three, Macbeth reveals that he is thinking of killing Duncan. Once the audience knows how the character thinks, they tend to sympathize with him, which is another reason why Macbeth is a tragedy. Shakespeare was such a talented playwrite, that he tended to make the audience sympathize with not only the hero, but also the villain. The aside follows closely Macbeth’s desires and doubts - he does not know whether ‘this supernatural soliciting’ is good or bad, but he dearly wants to be king. He describes the murder that he is imagining to be ‘horrible’(Act 1 Scene 3 L137) and ‘makes my seated heart knock at my ribs’ (Act 1 Scene 3 L135), showing that the whole idea disgusts and horrifies him, as it would any man who was brave and noble, but Macbeth cannot stop thinking about it, showing that he is considering the idea and is drawn to it, and that he has ambitions to be king within him already.

Friday, October 11, 2019

Soft Drugs

Soft drugs should not be legal Drugs have been a problem for the society for a long time and it is still a going subject. Different kinds of organisations work hard to try keeping people from using drugs, however a new problem has occurred. During the last years there have been discussions in some European countries to legalise so called soft drugs. Soft drugs usually means cannabis, which is the name for drugs made from the plant called â€Å"Cannabis Sativa†. Several countries have a very liberal attitude to these light drugs and think that it would be better if they were legal.I think it is wrong to legalise any kind of drug and that nothing good can come out of it. We all know that drugs are bad for us, so why would we want to expose ourselves to them? Why? There are already serious problems with legal drugs, like alcohol and tobacco. There is a reason why drugs are banned. It is because they are dangerous to our health. These laws are there to protect us and they are for our own good. It is known, and proved, that drugs can do damage to our physical and mental health. For example it can weaken the immune system, lung capacity and memory.It can cause depression and changes of personality. And these are just a few examples. Drugs are also very addictive and to stop the abuse is very hard, because the withdrawal symptoms are very strong and painful. There is also the risk of taking an overdose which can lead to serious harm or even death. Another argument against legalising cannabis is that it will get more accepted if it is legal, which will lead to the fact that more people will use it. If more people use drugs it will increase the number of people who get addicted.It is also proved that people who abuse cannabis often try heavier drugs later, when the effect from cannabis gets weaker. Legalising soft drugs would be awfully expensive for society. If more people use drugs, then the need for medical care and detoxification clinics will increase. Both a re very expensive, but they will be necessary because addicts need treatment. The costs related to crime will also increase, because many drug addicts start committing crimes to be able to afford the drugs they need. Those who abuse drugs tend to stop caring about anything else but the drugs.That could result in that they neglect their jobs and other responsibilities. The number of accidents caused by being under the influence of drugs will very likely increase, because there will be more substances that affect a person’s concentration and abilities. Alcohol will no longer be the only dangerous substance which is associated to accidents in traffic or risky jobs. This will be one more cost related to drugs, and someone will have to pay for it. Some say that alcohol is just as dangerous as cannabis, but alcohol is legal.So why not legalise cannabis? True, but why would we want to introduce another harmful substance, when we have enough troubles with the first one? There are oth er ways to have fun than smoking pot. Others claim that just because someone smokes a joint every now and then it does not mean that he or she will get addicted. That is right, but the higher the number of people that use drugs sometimes, the higher the number of people that get addicted. Drugs are not good for people or for society. As I have established, no good can come from legalising soft drugs.It would be a great danger to our health, it would bring more and larger costs for society and it would increase the number of people who get addicted. Why would we want that? Soft drugs should be legal There are two ways to try and sort out the drugs problem. One is to legalise and regulate the supply, and the other is to leave it in the hands of criminals. For years we have tried the second option. Banning all forms of soft drugs or lightly regulating them, not allowing them as such but not banning to the extent where people know it is seriously wrong.This is the situation we have foun d with drugs such as nicotine and tobacco and alcohol. Another major problem we face is the use of soft drugs especially by the younger generations. A survey revealed that 1 in 12 twelve year olds have tried drugs moving up to 1 in 3 fourteen year olds and 2 in 5 sixteen year olds. This means that about 40% and rising of our secondary school pupils have broken the law. In years to come at this rate the percentage will move up and then those 16 year olds will become adults and this problem will therefore become ever more significant as they become more influential.We saw a very parallel instance of this dilemma during 1920s America. Drink related crimes had become so numerous that the only way out that the American government saw was to ban it outright. This is what wed have tried in Britain and it has almost exactly the same consequences. Gun crime has soared like it did in America in the 20s. We see far too many shootings related to ‘turf wars' or punishment crimes such as wh en an employee of a drug dealer makes a mistake. At some point we have to look at the problem and realise that all crimes, in the major scheme of things are somewhat drugs related.Whether it is a burglar stealing someone's possessions to fund their drug habit, or the death of a drug abuser, unable to keep up with the payments to his dealer. We have to realise that getting rid drug dealers is the only way to go. Often they are the centre of the crime in their area. They are loan sharks to the poorer people and the people who organise the protection rackets for the business owners. No matter where you go you will always find them to do with it. The fact is that people do like to take drugs.The thing about alcohol is, your liver is designed to cope with it and so as long as you drink in moderation then your body is able to recover perfectly fine. With drugs, this is a lot less likely to happen. That being said, I'm all for legalising the softer drugs for several reasons – the ma in one being that it will remove a lot of the appeal of â€Å"rebelling† and so you're less likely to want to do it because it's â€Å"forbidden† (it's the same with drinking, as soon as you can legally drink you no longer have such a strong desire to do so)Also, places like the netherlands have legalised the soft drugs because it just means that they can spend more time cracking down on the harder ones and from what I've heard from some people that live there, the majority of people that use it are actually tourists that go there especially for that (so it would also mean an increase in tourism and stimulate the economy) Legalising it would also make it a lot safer because you never know what's actually in the drug you are buying, I recently watched this very ducational program on the effects drugs have and out of a random sample of pills only half actually contained the drug they were meant to. Legalising means that it will be regulated and also means that it is like ly to be a lot less expensive and so you also won't have the problem of people having to resort to illegal activities in order to get money for it. Quite a few drugs have also been shown to have medicinal benefits and so even partially legalising them for medicinal purposes only (for which you would need a prescription) would be beneficial.The bottom line though is that people are going to do them whether they are legal or not so if you at least legalise the softer ones, it allows you to regulate and control them a lot more than before and also if you make drugs legal then it will also help reduce all the gangs revolving around supplying drugs because they will no longer be needed and will no longer make money and so that's also a positive benefit. I feel I should also point out here that I'm not a fan of drugs, not even the â€Å"legal-highs† as I don't like the idea of altering my mind and not being in full control of my body.

Thursday, October 10, 2019

Susan B. Anthony Speech

Effective Speech Susan B. Anthony Speech 1873 Susan B. Anthony was born on February 15, 1820 and she was one of the many women in the nineteenth century to fight for women’s rights. She would travel all over the nation and create petitions for the right for women to vote and also slavery. She was an abolitionist, an educational reformer, a labor activist, and of course a women’s right campaigner. As brave as she was, she voted illegally in the presidential election of 1872 in Rochester, New York and arrested.They had fined her 100 dollars but did not imprison her, which she refused to pay. The next year, Susan presented a speech explaining and demanding that women had the right vote just as much as men did. She states, â€Å"It was we, the people; not we, the white male citizens; nor yet we, the male citizens; but we, the whole people, who formed the Union. (1873)†. She pointed out that the constitution itself stated that people as a whole would help and contribu te to justice and establishment in the United States.Most importantly, Susan Anthony’s speech in 1873 was effective in every way. Although, it took as long as 14 years after her speech for women to have the lawful right to vote and exactly one hundred years after her birth, she campaigned and petitioned all over the nation and was part of several organizations against slavery, women’s suffrage and the labor movement. She fought and petitioned for the thirteenth amendment which was to outlaw slavery. She was threatened by many people and humiliated but nothing stopped Susan from continuing to fight for everyone’s rights.I define effective as being helpful and successful, in Susan’s case, it wasn’t successful right away, but her intelligence throughout all the years after her arrest, made her stronger and that’s what made her goal become a success, she never gave up. The speech took place in 1872 in Rochester, New York after she voted for the presidential election. It was after the judge had fined her with $100 to pay for unlawfully voting for a candidate. The court room was filled with politics, former presidents, women and men that supported her words.She stood alone at the Canandaigua Courthouse and gave her speech before her sentencing. She stood handcuffed but nothing stopped Susan B. Anthony from expressing her feelings towards the authorities that were trying to keep her from voting. Susan opened her speech by addressing it to each and every single person in the room. She did not mention only men or only women but stated, â€Å"Friends and fellow citizens†. Her main ideas that she was mainly focused on getting across were the constitution itself explained how we the people were to help establish a better and equal America.She did not understand why the constitution contradicted itself because later, women were still not allowed to vote. She also explained, if the government wouldn’t allow women to vo te, they were degrading us. â€Å"For any state to make sex a qualification that must ever result in the disfranchisement of one entire half of the people, is to pass a bill of attainder, or, an ex post facto law, and is therefore a violation of the supreme law of the land. By it the blessings of liberty are forever withheld from women and their female posterity† (Susan B.Anthony 1873). In this quote she strongly expresses her feelings and beliefs, if the government were to ever pass that law, liberty and equality were to be taken from women forever. Women all over the nation supported her and felt the same exact way. She used effective language and everyone understood where she was coming from. Susan was very motivating and persuading, not only in her speech but many of the other speeches she had presented in the past in court rooms, events in town during the woman’s suffrage movement.She created petitions all over the nation to get people to support her so she would have many reasons and supporters when the time would come. The speech wasn’t so conversational but more of a last words speech before she was sentenced. She had many goals she wanted to achieve but her main concern was to be able to have the same rights as men had. Men at the time had the right to vote, and were eligible to run as a candidate in a presidential election. They treated women as animals that were not capable of managing anything and had no say in who would be the best choice for America.Many people were emotionally affected by Susan’s speech because she wasn’t only fighting for herself but for other women and also slaves. She did not only think about herself but others too. People realized that she casted this vote for women and slaves so that the government would know that Susan was no longer taking any disrespect from her fellow citizens. I’m not sure if she was well prepared because when she had given her speech she was in court. She proba bly felt a lot of pressure because this speech determined if they would really listen to her or sentence her to a long time in jail or bombard her with fines from he government. The text from the speech is well said and well thought out, every word came out one hundred percent strong and she spoke with powerful words. If you pay attention on how she stands up for women and the slaves at the time, she was very serious and completely heartbroken because of the decisions and laws that the government had created at the time. â€Å"To them this government is not a democracy. It is not a republic. It is an odious aristocracy; a hateful oligarchy of sex; the most hateful aristocracy ever established on the face of the globe; an oligarchy of wealth, where the rich govern the poor.An oligarchy of learning, where the educated govern the ignorant, or even an oligarchy of race, where the Saxon rules the African, might be endured; but this oligarchy of sex, which makes father, brothers, husband , sons, the oligarchs over the mother and sisters, the wife and daughters, of every household – which ordains all men sovereigns, all women subjects, carries dissension, discord, and rebellion into every home of the nation†(Susan B . Anthony 1873 Speech) Susan believed that the government ad only focused on the negativity.Instead of them trying to educate the â€Å"ignorant†, why wouldn’t they try to educate â€Å"just people† in general? Not everyone had the same opportunities as other so why not give them the opportunity to learn and share that knowledge. She also didn’t understand why the head of household was always addressed as the father, or if the father died the son would take his place for example in a royal chain, if the king dies, the son automatically became king. The rich were always the superior because they had the money. I support Susan B.Anthony completely because even though, it took many years for the law to become effectiv e, she did everything possible to help out women and slaves. She risked her life in some situations, was arrested for illegally voting knowing she couldn’t vote but did anyways for the sake of women. She has motivated me to want to be superior in a large company one day. The CEO of many companies are always men and very few women. Society has painted a picture out for us that make us think automatically that the CEO of a popular firm or chain is man instead of a woman.Also, America back in 2008 had the chance to vote a woman for president, Hilary Clinton, but we did not because we felt as if she wasn’t capable of running a country all on her own and America wasn’t ready for a woman president. Others believed that if she were to have won the election, Bill Clinton would’ve helped her run this country which is a very negative comment to say. There is nothing I would have changed about her speech but what I would have changed was the timing of the law becomi ng effective. Susan was an extraordinary woman who had courage, determination, and motivated many other women after that to continue her footsteps.

A New Mandate for HR-An Analysis Essay

In the article the writer had expressed his concern on underestimating role of Human resources Department in an organizational set up. The role of HR manager has confined to paper work related to recruitment and termination of employees, compensation and incentives, impart training to employees and design of developmental programmes etc. The HR Manager is responsible for implementation of policies made by CEOÂ’s or line Managers. David Ulrich has emphasized that the role of HR should be organizational excellence rather than focusing on fundamental HR issues only. HR has to take the lead to enable organizations survive in globalized era, to sustain revenue growth, to harness technological advances, to protect intellectual property and keep pace with changing business environment. In global competitive economy, managers are required to be aware of entire global market scenario, political uncertainties, trade issues, fluctuating exchange rates and customer preferences. Revenue growth by way of lay- offs, cost cuts and merger & acquisitions has become new mantra for organizations. He feels rather companies should focus on creativity and innovation. The employees should be encouraged to share learning and honing their skills for achieving required revenue growth. The geographical distance has been bridged by technological advances. In the era of technological revolution employees had to learn how to exploit technology for organizational goal. In the changing scenario companies, who can attract, retain and develop best talent will lead the world. Companies have to keep on shifting gears to beat competition, has to take rapid decisions and invent new ways of doing work. He affirmed that HR can deliver excellence by being partner with the senior management in the strategy execution of organization.HR can help in reducing cost of organization by work organization, delivering administrative efficiency with quality.HR should be an interface between employees and  higher management to apprise concerns of the employee to management and to motivate employees to contribute to the organization. HR should transform itself with change in organizations processes, culture. HR should be given responsibility for designing organizational structure. The structure should identify each element of an organization and put them together for seamless operations.HR should be accountable for organizational audit. Audits are required to identify which parts require change. After the components are identified which need renovation HR should seek ways and methods to renovate that part.HR at the same time must audit its own work. HR must assess impact of each activity in collaboration with operating managers. HR must identify processes within their domain which can be done faster, cheaper and better. For example resume screening can be done using scanner software tools to reduce recruitment cycle time. They can design and implement new system that allows sharing administrative services. In new role HR must be responsible for ensuring employee engagement & commitment. HR must train operating managers about importance of employee morale. Workshop reports, employee surveys and written reports are few of the tools to train line managers on importance of high employee morale. HR should recommend ways to maintain high morale. HR may suggest recruitment of few more employees on a particular project or for imparting training to employees to execute some work. HR must make people adaptable to changes rather than resist. HR must introduce change model such as one introduced by GE ”Change Begins asking Who, Why, What & How.” Before enforcing a change, management must ask Why are we seeking change? What will be the benefits to the organization? How to implement changes? HR must brain storm with management team to answer these questions. However Ulrich thinks that it the collective responsibility of line managers, CEO, and HR to transform an organization. The line managers can help HR in focusing on results by talking serious about how organizational capability will create value to shareholders. They can invest more time on issues related to people. Line Managers should clearly tell HR what they wanted from them. Management shall invest in HR tools like conferences and management literature. Senior line should be always ready to adapt new HR practices. Management shall insure that HR managers are aware of intricacies of processes and reengineering. They should be updated regularly to deliver results. Ulrich stated that it is not an easy task to take up the new role for HR managers. They must work toward goals. They must redefine their goals in terms of value addition to the organization and business results. Senior line must drop their attitude towards HR as incompetent and ineffective staff.